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YARN AND YARN MANUFACTURING-Doubling and Drawing:-4.8.1

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Doubling and Drawing: In preparing the fibre tufts for spinning, doubling and drawing represent two essential operations and their combined effect permits a sliver with a more regular section to be obtained(through doubling) equipped with parallel fibres (through drawing) as well as the count requested by the spinning plan.   The drawing operation done with the machine called the draw frame, permits a homogeneous blend both with fibers of the same nature as well as fibers with a different nature; the doubling steps are usually between four and eight. On a par with fiber characteristics such as length and fineness, a sliver with parallel fibres permits a yarn with better regularity and resistance. The drawing depends on some factors such as the number of doublings carried out and the value of the count of the entry sliver and delivery sliver. With drawing, curls, crimps and hooks are also eliminated, meaning the fibres folded in on themselves, present in the carded sliver. Drawing is
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YARN AND YARN MANUFACTURING-Doubling and Drawing-4.7.1

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DOUBLING AND DRAWING Doubling and Drawing  :   In preparing the fiber tufts for spinning, doubling and drawing represent two essential operations and their combined effect permits a sliver with a more regular section to be obtained(through doubling) equipped with parallel fibers (through drawing) as well as the count requested by the spinning plan.   The drawing operation done with the machine called the draw frame, permits a homogeneous blend both with fibers of the same nature as well as fibers with a different nature; the doubling steps are usually between four and eight. On a par with fiber characteristics such as length and fineness, a sliver with parallel fibers permits a yarn with better regularity and resistance. The drawing depends on some factors such as the number of doubling carried out and the value of the count of the entry sliver and delivery sliver. With drawing, curls, crimps and hooks are also eliminated, meaning the fibers folded in on themselves,
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YARN AND YARN MANUFACTURING-Carding Section-4.6.1

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CARDING SECTION  Carding Section: Carding is a process in which fibres are opened (almost to single fibre staple), parallelised and removes dust, impurities, neps, short fibres to produce a continuous strand of fibres called sliver of uniform weight per unit length. Objects of Carding: Carding is one of the most important operations in the spinning process as it directly determines the final features of the yarn, above all as far as the content of neps and husks are concerned. There are many objectives of the carding process and these can be summarized as: Individualization of the cotton fibre at a single fibre staple state i.e. opening the tufts into individual fibres; Elimination of the remaining impurities i.e. eliminating all the impurities contained in the fibre that were not eliminated in the previous cleaning operations; Disentangling of neps i.e. removal of neps; Selecting the fibres on the basis of length, removing the shortest ones; Fibre ble
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YARN AND YARN MANUFACTURING-Process layout of the yarn manufacturing system-4.5.1

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Process layout of the yarn manufacturing system Flow chart of combed yarn manufacturing with input or feed and output or delivery product  :   Process and Product of the cotton Ring Spinning A modern blow-room line as follows: The following blow-room line provide by the Trutzschler  :
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YARN AND YARN MANUFACTURING-Blow room Section-4.4.1

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  Blow room Section  : Basic operation in the Blow-room:   Opening the cotton bale   Homogeneously mixed or blended tufts   Clean fibre tufts   Convert fibre tufts into a fibrous sheet, is called lap.   Objects of Blow-room :  The basic purpose of blow-room line is to supply following qualities of fibre tufts to the carding  process. Small fibre tufts   Homogeneously mixed or blended tufts Clean fibre tufts   Convert fibre tufts into a fibrous sheet, is called lap. Blending:  The method of mixing different fibres within a specific ratio is known as blending. Mixing:  The method of combining identical fibres in various grade of different ratio is known as mixing.   Conventional Blowroom line:    There are different types of conventional blow-room line. It differs manufacturer to manufacturer. For example a typical blow-room line as follows: Hopper bale opener   Ultra cleaner or step cleaner   Vertical or twine opener or cleaner   Hopperfeeder-1   Po
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YARN AND YARN MANUFACTURING-Types of cotton yarn-4.3.1

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Types of cotton yarn There are two types of cotton yarn according to their manufacturing process as follows:     Carded yarn   Combed yarn Flow chart of carded yarn manufacturing with input or feed and output or delivery product:       
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YARN AND YARN MANUFACTURING-Classification of Yarn-4.2.1

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Classification of Yarn Classification of yam according to their structure  :   Yarns may be divided into three types according to their structure as follows:   Staple fibre yams or Spun yams (Single yarn):   Spun yarns are made by mechanical assembly and twisting together (spinning) of staple fibres. Ring spinning, Rotor spinning, Wrap spinning, Air-jet spinning etc. machines are used to produce this spun or single yarns.   Ply yarn :    Single yarns are used in the majority of fabrics for normal textile and clothing applications, but in order to obtain special yarn features, particularly high strength and modulus for technical and industrial applications, ply yarns are often needed. A folded or ply yarn is produced by twisting two or more single yarns together in one operation, and a cabled yarn is formed by twisting together two or more folded yarns or a combination of folded and single yarns. The twisting together of several single yarns increases the tenacity of t
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